TextField allows for multiple types of text input.

also known as Text Input

TextField is under an experiment to is under an experiment to improve its password typing UI: adds an 'show/hide password' icon button for type='password'.. Visit the Pull Request to learn more.
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Figma:

Web:

iOS:

Android:

A11y:

Props

Component props
Name
Type
Default
id
Required
string
-

A unique identifier for the input.

onChange
Required
({|
  event: SyntheticInputEvent<HTMLInputElement>,
  value: string,
|}) => void
-

Callback triggered when the value of the input changes.

autoComplete
"bday" | "current-password" | "email" | "new-password" | "on" | "off" | "username"
-

Indicate if autocomplete should be available on the input, and the type of autocomplete. Autocomplete values are implemented upon request. Reach out to the Gestalt team if you need additional autocomplete values to be supported.

disabled
boolean
-

Indicate if the input is disabled. See the disabled example for more details.

enterKeyHint
"enter" | "done" | "go" | "next" | "previous" | "search" | "send"
-

Optionally specify the action label to present for the enter key on virtual keyboards. See the enterKeyHint variant for more info.

errorMessage
React.Node
-

For most use cases, pass a string with a helpful error message (be sure to localize!). In certain instances it can be useful to make some text clickable; to support this, you may instead pass a React.Node to wrap text in Link or TapArea.

hasError
boolean
-

This field is deprecated and will be removed soon. Please do not use.

helperText
string
-

More information about how to complete the form field.

label
string
-

The label for the input. Be sure to localize the text.

labelDisplay
"visible" | "hidden"
-

Whether the label should be visible or not. If hidden, the label is still available for screen reader users, but does not appear visually. See the label visibility variant for more info.

maxLength
{|
  characterCount: number,
  errorAccessibilityLabel: string,
|}
-

The maximum number of characters allowed in Textfield. maxLength must be an integer value 0 or higher. See the maximum length variant for more details.

name
string
-

A unique name for the input.

onBlur
({|
  event: SyntheticFocusEvent<HTMLInputElement>,
  value: string,
|}) => void
-

Callback triggered when the user blurs the input.

onFocus
({|
  event: SyntheticFocusEvent<HTMLInputElement>,
  value: string,
|}) => void
-

Callback triggered when the user focuses the input.

onKeyDown
({|
  event: SyntheticKeyboardEvent<HTMLInputElement>,
  value: string,
|}) => void
-

Callback triggered when the user presses any key while the input is focused.

placeholder
string
-

Placeholder text shown the the user has not yet input a value.

readOnly
boolean
-

Indicate if the input is readOnly. See the readOnly example for more details.

ref
React.Element<"input">
-

Ref that is forwarded to the underlying input element.

size
"md" | "lg"
-

md: 40px, lg: 48px

tags
$ReadOnlyArray<React.Element<typeof Tag>>
-

List of tags to display in the component.

type
"date" | "email" | "password" | "tel" | "text" | "url"
-

The type of input. For non-telephone numerical input, please use NumberField.

value
string
-

The current value of the input.

Usage guidelines

When to use
  • Any time succinct data needs to be entered by a user, like a date, email address, name, or Pin title.
When not to use
  • Situations where long amounts of text need to be entered, since the full content of the TextField will be truncated. Use TextArea instead.

Best practices

Do

Use helper text for important information. Helper text helps users understand how to complete the text field or to indicate any needed input.

Don't

Put essential information in the placeholder text, since it disappears when the user types. The placeholder text is not a replacement for the label.

Do

Always ensure the text field has a visible label. The label provides context and supports users when filling in information.

Don't

Remove the label, as this creates accessibility and usability issues.

Do

Only place related fields on the same line.

Don't

Place unrelated text fields on the same line, as this can create comprehension issues.

Do

Provide clear and useful error messages that help the user fix the issue. Error messages should be displayed in a timely manner — typically once the field loses focus or when the form is submitted.

Don't

Display generic error messages, such as "There is an error".

Do

Consider all text fields as required, unless explicitly noted as optional.

Don't

Mark fields as required.

Accessibility

Comprehension

Be sure to provide instructions to help users understand how to complete the form and use individual form controls.

Labels

TextField comes with Label built-in: just use the label prop. We strongly encourage always supplying a label. Be sure to provide a unique id so the Label is associated with the correct TextField.

If TextField is labeled by content elsewhere on the page, or a more complex label is needed, the labelDisplay prop can be used to visually hide the label. In this case, it is still available to screen reader users, but will not appear visually on the screen.

Validation

When providing a validation message, make sure the instructions are clear and help users complete the field. For example, "Passwords must contain at least 20 characters". In addition, use the helper text to provide instructions to help users understand how to complete the text field or to indicate any needed input, allowed formats, timing limitations, or other pertinent information.

These practices give users of assistive technologies more information about the form, helping them to fill it out.

Keyboard navigation

TextField has conventional keyboard support.

  • Users relying on the keyboard expect to move focus to each TextField by using the tab key or shift+tab when moving backwards.
  • Setting disabled will prevent TextField from receiving keyboard focus or input.

Autofocus

TextField intentionally lacks support for autofocus. Generally speaking, autofocus interrupts normal page flow for screen readers making it an anti-pattern for accessibility.

onSubmit

TextField is commonly used as an input in forms alongside submit buttons. In these cases, users expect that pressing Enter or Return with the input focused will submit the form.

Out of the box, TextField doesn't expose an onSubmit handler or individual key event handlers due to the complexities of handling these properly. Instead, developers are encouraged to wrap TextField in a <form> with an onSubmit handler..

Localization

Be sure to localize errorMessage, helperText, label, maxLength's errorAccessibilityLabel and placeholder.

Variants

Helper text

Whenever you want to provide more information about a form field, you should use helperText.

Label visibility

In some cases, the label for a TextField is represented in a different way visually, as demonstrated below. In these instances, you can set labelDisplay="hidden" to ensure TextField is properly labeled for screen readers while using a different element to represent the label visually.

Read-only

Read-only TextFields are used to present information to the user without allowing them to edit the content. Typically they are used to show content or information that the user does not have permission or access to edit.

Password

The current TextField example is NOT displaying experimental changes. Learn more and/or activate the experimental changes.

Disabled

disabled TextFields cannot be interacted with using the mouse or keyboard. They also do not need to meet contrast requirements, so do not use them to present info to the user (use readOnly instead).

Error message

TextField can display an error message. Simply pass in an errorMessage when there is an error present and TextField will handle the rest.
Don't use errorMessage to provide feedback on character count errors. See the maximum length variant for more details.

Tags

You can include Tag elements in the input using the tags prop.

Note that TextField does not internally manage tags. Tag management should be handled in the application state through the component's event callbacks. We recommend creating new tags on enter key presses, and removing them on backspaces when the cursor is in the beginning of the field. We also recommend filtering out empty tags.

This example showcases the recommended behavior. In addition, it creates new tags by splitting the input on spaces, commas, and semicolons.

EnterKeyHint

The enterKeyHint prop presents to the user a more accurate action label for the enter key on virtual keyboards. These are the values for each use case:

  • "enter": inserting a new line
  • "done": there is nothing more to input and the input editor will be closed
  • "go": taking the user to the target of the text they typed
  • "next": taking the user to the next field that will accept text
  • "previous": taking the user to the previous field that will accept text
  • "search": taking the user to the results of searching for the text they have typed
  • "send": delivering the text to its target

Maximum length

Textfield supports the native maxlength input attribute. maxLength sets the maximum number of characters allowed to be entered by the user in Textfield. maxLength must be an integer value 0 or higher.

The user cannot exceed the maximum number of characters interacting with the component. Whenever possible, avoid setting initial values from the parent component's state that already exceed the maxLength.

When maxLength is passed to TextField, the component displays a character counter as well as a warning or problem Status when the user reaches or the prepopulated controlled value exceeds the maximum length of characters.

The first example shows an empty Textfield with maxLength set to 20 characters. The second example shows the warning and problem Status.

Refs

TextField can accept a ref for anchoring Popover-based components.

Component quality checklist

Component quality checklist
Quality item
Status
Status description
Figma Library
Ready
Component is available in Figma across all platforms.
Responsive Web
Ready
Component is available in code for web and mobile web.
iOS
Component is not currently available in code for iOS.
Android
Planned
Component is slotted to be built for Android.

TextArea
When users need to enter long amounts of text, use TextArea to ensure the full content will be shown.

NumberField
For numerical input, use NumberField. Exceptions: for telephone numbers, use <TextField type="tel" />. And for numerical input with possible leading 0's (e.g. ZIP codes), use <TextField type="text" />.

SearchField
If the input is used for searching content, use SearchField.